The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244 square kilometres. His the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is over 55 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London.

2. Geographical position and physical features:

The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountains and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain.

The weather in GB is very changeable. A fine morning can change into a wet afternoon and evening and the wrong side out. The English people say: "Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather." The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long.

The best time of the year in GB is spring(of course, it rains in spring too). The two worst months in Britain are January and February. They are cold, damp and unpleasant. Summer months are rather cold and there can be a lot of rainy days. So most people who look forward to summer holidays, plan to go abroad for the summer.

4. National economy

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world"s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.

5. Politic system

The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the London, the Conservative and the Liberal parties, The Conservative party is the ruling party nowadays.

Перевод текста: Great Britain

1. Генерал

Великобритания Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположена на Британских островах. Это состоит из четырех частей: Англия, Уэльс, Шотландия и Северная Ирландия. Англия, Уэльс и Шотландия занимают территорию Великобритании. Северная Ирландия расположена в северной части Ирландии. Территория Великобритании - приблизительно 244 квадратных километра. Его 75-ое место среди других стран в мире. Население - более чем 55 миллионов. Приблизительно 80 % населения являются городскими. Капитал страны - Лондон.

2. Географическое положение и физические особенности:

Поверхность Великобритании изменяется очень. Северная и западная часть страны - горы и называется Горной местностью. Все остальные (юг, восток и центр) являются обширной равниной, которую называют Среднешотландской низменностью. Горы не очень высоки. Реки не длинны. Самые важные из них - Северн и Темза. Есть много красивых озер в гористых частях страны.

Горы, Атлантический океан и теплые воды Гольфстрима влияют на климат Великобритании.

Погода в ГИГАБИТЕ очень изменчива. Прекрасное утро может измениться во влажный день и вечер и неправильную сторону. Английские люди говорят: "Другие страны имеют климат; в Англии мы имеем погоду." Англичане также говорят, что они имеют три варианта погоды: когда идет дождь утром, когда идет дождь днем или когда идет дождь целый день.

Наилучшее время года в ГИГАБИТЕ - весна (конечно, идет дождь весной также). Два худших месяца в Великобритании - январь и февраль. Они замерзли, влажность и неприятный. Летние месяцы скорее холодны и может быть много дождливых дней. Таким образом большинство людей, которые с нетерпением ждут летнего отпуска, планирует выехать за рубеж в течение лета.

4. Народное хозяйство

Великобритания - высоко развитая индустриальная страна. Это известно как один из самых больших в мире производителей и экспортеров железных и стальных продуктов, машин и электроники, химикалий и ткани, самолета и навигационного оборудования. Одна из главных отраслей промышленности страны - судостроение.

Великобритания - страна со старыми культурными традициями и таможней. Самые известные образовательные центры - Кембриджские университеты и Оксфорд. Они, как полагают, являются интеллектуальными центрами Европы. Образование не свободно, это очень дорого.

5. Благоразумная система

Великобритания - монархия, и Королева - глава государства. Но практически этим управляет избранное правительство с Премьер-министром в голове. Британский Парламент состоит из двух палат: Палата лордов и Палата общин. В Великобритании есть три главных политических стороны: Лондон, Консерватор и Либеральные партии, Консервативная партия - правящая сторона в настоящее время.

Использованная литература:
1. 100 тем английского устного (Каверина В., Бойко В., Жидких Н.) 2002
2. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы. Устный экзамен. Топики. Тексты для чтения. Экзаменационные вопросы. (Цветкова И. В., Клепальченко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А.)
3. English, 120 Topics. Английский язык, 120 разговорных тем. (Сергеев С.П.)

England is the largest and the richest country of Great Britain. The capital of England is London but there are other large industrial cities, such as Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and other famous and interesting cities such as York, Chester, Oxford and Cambridge. Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric places in the world. This ancient circle of stones stands in Southwest England. It measures 80 metres across and made with massive blocks of stone up to four metres high. Why it was built is a mystery.

Not far from Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid example of an English Gothic Cathedral; inside there is one of four copies of Magna Charta and the oldest clock in England. Chester is very important town in the north-west of England. In the past it used to be a Roman fort; its name comes from the Latin word castra, meaning "fortified camp". In Chester there is a famous museum which contains over 5000 ancient and modern toys.

Oxford is the home of the oldest university of England. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall which was built during the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford. Cambridge is the home of Britain"s second oldest university. York was the capital of Northern England. It is one of the best preserved medieval cities of Europe. It was built by Romans, conquered by Anglo-Saxons and ruled by the Vikings. Birmingham is often called the "City of 1,500 trades" because of the great variety of its industries.

Перевод текста: England - Англия

Англия - самая большая и самая богатая страна Ве-ликобритании. Столица Англии - Лондон; но существуют и другие важные города, например Бирмингем, Ливерпуль и Манчестер и другие известные и интересные города, такие как Йорк, Честер, Оксфорд и Кембридж. Стоунхендж - одно из самых известных доисторических мест в мире. Это древний круг из камней, находящийся на юго-востоке Англии. Его диаметр равняется 30 метрам, и сделан он из массивных каменных блоков до четырех метров высотой. Почему он был построен - загадка.

Недалеко от Стоунхенджа стоит Солсберийский собор. Это прекрасный пример английского готического собора; внутри него хранится одна из четырех копий Великой Хартии и самые старые часы Англии. Честер - очень важный город на северо-западе Англии. В прошлом это был римский форт; название его происходит от латинского слова "castra", что означает "укрепленный лагерь". В Честере находится знаменитый музей, в котором собрано более 5 000 древних и современных игрушек.

Оксфорд - это родина самого старого университета Ан-глии. Самый известный колледж - Крайст Черч. В нем сохранился холл, построенный во время правления Генри-ха VIII, а его часовня стала Оксфордским собором. Кембридж - родина второго самого старого британского университета. Йорк был столицей Северной Англии. Сейчас это один из наиболее сохранившихся средневековых городов Европы. Он был построен римлянами, завоеван англосаксами и управлялся викингами. Бирмингем часто называют "городом 1500 ремесел" из-за большого количества отраслей промышленности.

Использованная литература:
1. 100 тем английского устного (Каверина В., Бойко В., Жидких Н.) 2002
2. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы. Устный экзамен. Топики. Тексты для чтения. Экзаменационные вопросы. (Цветкова И. В., Клепальченко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А.)
3. English, 120 Topics. Английский язык, 120 разговорных тем. (Сергеев С.П.)

Текст про Great Britain – топик о Великобритании, достопримечательностях и особенностях. Написание текстов про Великобританию или устные рассказы — популярная тема в школах и университетах.

Great Britain

Текст на английском про Great Britain:

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Education in Great Britain

Образованию в Великобритании также присуща своя собственная система, описанная в тексте ниже:

Закончить текст или сочинение об образовании в Великобритании помогут такие слова:

The United Kingdom has been a learning center for the last 1000 years and has many ancient and distinguished universities. Соединенное Королевство было учебным центром на протяжении последних 1000 лет и имеет много древних и выдающихся университетов.

Holidays in Great Britain

Еще одна тема для написания текста или рассказа.

Текст о праздниках в Великобритании:

Sports in Great Britain

Текст про Лондон на английском

Про Great Britain с переводом на русский, рассмотренные в статье, станут отличными помощниками тем, кто не знает о чем написать или рассказать и познакомят с главными особенностями страны.

17 Сен

Тема по английскому языку: Страна Великобритания

Топик по английскому языку: Страна Великобритания (The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.

Соединенное Королевство

Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии – это группа островов, расположенных у северо-западного побережья Европы. Страна омывается Атлантическим океаном, Северным морем и Ирландским морем, которое разделяет Великобританию и Ирландию. Северное море и пролив Ла-Манш разделяют Британские острова от европейского континента. Великобритания включает в свой состав Англию, Шотландию и Уэльс. Их столицы – Лондон, Эдинбург и Кардиф.

Территория страны

Несмотря на небольшую территорию острова, Великобритания богата пейзажами. Самые высокие горы расположены в центральной и северной части Шотландии, в Уэльсе и на северо-западе Англии, но на самом деле они не такие уж высокие. Остальная территория представляет собой плоские равнины на востоке и низины на юге. Двигаясь в юго-западном направлении, можно встретить унылые болота Девона и Корнуолла. В Британии множество рек, самая длинная из которых Северн. Река Темза, на которой расположен Лондон, впадает в Северное море. Многие соединены друг с другом посредством каналов, поэтому внутри страны вполне возможно путешествовать по воде.

Климат

Еще одной деталью, требующей внимания, является британский климат. Теплое течение Гольфстрима предопределяет теплые зимы и прохладное лето. Климат в Британии в основном умеренный. Снег никогда не лежит долго, а вместо этого часты дожди и туман. По этой причине в Британии очень сыро.

Высокоразвитая промышленная империя

Великобритания изначально была аграрной страной, где было широко развито овцеводство. Сейчас это высокоразвитая промышленная империя. Великобритания экспортирует машины, корабли, двигатели и прочие товары. Основными направлениями промышленности являются кораблестроение и текстильная промышленность.

Культура и образование

Великобритания также является страной долгих традиций, обычаев и богатой культуры. Образование, полученное в таких университетах как Оксфорд или Кембридж, считается одним из лучших в мире.

Управление

Великобритания – это конституционная монархия, где главой государства является Королева. Однако, ее власть ограничена парламентом, который состоит из Палаты Лордов и Палаты Общин.

Скачать Топик по английскому языку: Великобритания

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a part of a group of islands lying off the north-western coast of Europe. The Country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea which is between Great Britain and Ireland. The North Sea and the English Channel separate the British Isles from the European continent. Great Britain consists of three countries: England, Scotland and Wales. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.

Variety of landscapes

In spite of being a small island, Great Britain has a great variety of landscapes. The highest mountains are in the central and northern parts of Scotland, in Wales and in the north-west of England but they aren’t really high. The rest of the territory consists of flat plains in the east and of lowlands in the south. Moving southwest one can view bleak moors of Devon and Cornwall. There are many rivers in Britain with the Severn being the longest one. The Thames on which London is situated runs into the North Sea. Many of the rivers are joined with each other by means of canals, so that it’s quite possible to travel in England by water.

Climate

One more thing which is worth mentioning is the British climate. The warm current of the Gulf Stream keeps Britain warm in winter and cool in summer. So, the climate is basically mild. Snow never lies for long, however, there is much rain and fog instead. Therefore Britain is called a damp country.

Highly-developed industrial country

Great Britain was originally an agricultural and sheep-farming country. Now it’s a highly-developed industrial country. It exports machinery, vessels, motors and other goods. The chief industries are shipbuilding and textile.

Culture and education

Great Britain is also a country of long-lasting traditions, customs and rich culture. The education received in such universities as Oxford or Cambridge is recognized as one of the best in the world.

System

The UK is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen being the head of State. However, her powers are limited by the Parliament which consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

(в рамках подготовки к экзамену по английскому языку и расширения страноведческих знания о стране изучаемого языка)

1. The Geographical Position of Great Britain

1) What is the official name of Great Britain?
2) What countries does Great Britain consist of and what are their capitals?
3) Why is the UK called an island state?
4) Where is the UK situated? What separates Great Britain from the continent?
5) What are the names of two main islands of the British Isles?
6) What do we call the narrowest part of the English Channel?

Вспомните слова: consist of, include, be made up of.

Закончите предложения:
1. Great Britain consists of …
2. Great Britain doesn’t include …
3. The UK is made up of …

Вспомните английские слова по теме: : lie, be separated by, be washed by, be surrounded by.

Переведите предложения:

1. An island is a part of land that is surrounded by water on all sides.
2. Great Britain is an island state and is surrounded by seas on all sides.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland lies on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands – Great Britain and Ireland and about 5 thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244.000 square kilometers. On the island of Great Britain you can find England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland lies on the island of Ireland.

The British Isles are separated from Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea. In the west their coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

Great Britain is the largest islands in the British Isles. It is also the largest island in Europe and the seventh largest island in the world.

The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries. It is twice smaller than France and Spain.

2. Climate of Great Britain

Answer the questions based on the information you have learnt:
1. What is the British climate like?
2. What is the British weather like?

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the islands. It is mild all the year round. It means that it’s never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. The coldest months are January and February, the warmest ones are July and August. But the climate is not the same in all parts of England. The western part is warmer than the east. It has also more rain. The North is colder than the South, but in winter the coldest districts are the eastern ones. There is much humidity in the air of England. It is well-known as a foggy country.

If climate is mild, it is warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Also we can say that the climate on the British Isles is temperate and humid .

• temperate — умеренный
• humid — влажный

In the past, most Londoners had open fireplaces in which they used coal. The result was that there was a tremendous concentration of smoke and soot in the air. It was the cause of dense and heavy fogs.

While a heavy fog hung over a big English city for days, only a few miles away in the country, the sky might be cloudless and the sun shining brightly. In London today, however, there are no open coal fires. As a result, there are fewer fogs and the air is clean.

The weather is so changeable that the English often say that they have no climate but only weather. They use the comparison “as changeable as the weather” of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when it rains all day long. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in the UK. SOON

Answer the questions:

1) Why is the British climate mild? What influences it?
2) Does it vary?
3) Which districts are the coldest in Britain?

3. The Nature of Great Britain

Answer the questions based on the information you have learnt:
1. What are the names for two types of landscape in Great Britain?
2. What is the most picturesque place in England?

Запомните:

• landscape – ландшафт
• scenery — пейзаж

The main characteristic of British landscape is that it changes very often.
The Scottish scenery is amasing.

Типично английский пейзаж — равнины (the Lowlands). Фото автора

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. Geographically, the island of Great Britain is divided into two main regions : Lowland Britain (the Lowlands) and Highland Britain (the Highlands). The Lowlands include central, southern and eastern England. They have beautiful valleys and plains.

The Highlands consist of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines and the Lake District. It is mountainous part of Britain, but the mountains are not very high. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1343m).

Шотландия. Бен Невис — самая высокая точка Великобритании. Фото автора

Scotland is separated from England by the Cheviot Hills , running from east to west. The Pennine Chain extends (stretches) southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midlands , plain regions with low hills and valleys.

Запомните:

• the Pennine Chain [‘penaɪn] — Пеннинские горы
• the Cheviot Hills [‘ʧiːvɪət] — Чевиот-Хилс (горы, отделяющие Шотландию от Англии)
• the Midlands — Мидлендз (центральные графства Англии)
• the Lake District — Озерный край

There is a district in Great Britain which is widely known for it association with the history of English literature and the name of William Wordsworth (1779-1859), the founder of the Lake School of poets. This district is called The Lake District.

The Lake School – «Озерная школа» — литературное сотрудничество поэтов-романтиков начала 19 века, названа по Озерному краю, где жили поэты Уильям Вордсворт и Сэмюэл Кольридж.

Answer the questions and check yourself:

Answer the questions based on the information you have learnt:

1) What do we call people who were born in Britain? In Scotland? In Wales?
2) Do people in these countries speak “the same” English?
3) Is English the only language spoken in the UK?

The Population

Запомните глаголы: populate — населять, заселять, inhabit — жить, проживать, населять; settle – поселиться.

Переведите предложения:

1. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh, the Irish.
2. London, the south and the southeast are the most densely populated areas.

Переведите существительные: population, inhabitants, settlers

The population of the UK is over 57 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. The biggest cities are (… try to remember 8 cities) but except them the most well-known cities are Oxford, Cambridge, Stradford-upon-Avon.

The nationalities of the UK:
the English – англичане (46 mln)
the Scottish – шотландцы (5 mln)
the Welsh – валлийцы (уроженцы Уэльса) (6 mln)
the Irish – ирландцы (1,5 mln)
the British – британцы (more than 57 mln)

The Language

English is the official language of the UK. But some people speak Gaelic in western Scotland and Welsh in parts of northern and central Wales.

Welsh is a Celtic language and it is very different from English. For example, «Welcome to Wales» is «Croesu i Cymru» in Welsh. Before the 16th century everybody in Wales spoke Welsh, but after Wales was united with England in 1536, Welsh was banned. It started declining, only 500,000 out of 3 mln of population spoke it until 1960s. It was not taught at school and the people thought that their language was dying out. The situation changed only few years ago. Nowadays Welsh is spoken in the government and there is a Welsh TV station. The Welsh are proud of their language.

The most known English-speaking countries are the USA, then Canada, Australia, New Zealand. People in these countries speak variants of English, so called American English, Australian English. It slightly differs from the British English in grammar and pronunciation.

5. The British National Character

Although the British live on the same island, they are very different. Ii is right to say that the English are not like the Scottish, Irish or Welsh (or the other way around). Of course, they have something in common. For example, it is true that British people often talk about the weather, especially if they don’t know each other very well. It is true that they are more reserved than Russian people: they don’t like to show their emotions and they don’t make friends easily with strangers. It also seems to be true that the British are not very good at learning foreign languages.

6. The British Places of Interest, Cities & Towns

Answer the questions based on the information you have learnt:

1. What famous cities & towns of Great Britain do you know?
2. What places of interest can you name?

Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an important industry, which enjoys thousands of people. Most visitors come in summer months when they can expect good weather. Usually they spend a few days in London, then they go to other well-known cities. Perhaps the least visited places in England are old industrial towns like Birmigham or Manchester. Below you will find the information about the most visited places of interest in Britain.

Stonehenge

If you go to Great Britain you will probably be planning to visit Stonehenge. It is a group of Celtic stones in the south of England. Stonehenge is situated right on a major road, about 12 kilometers from the town of Salisbury. If you really want to feel the magic and mystery of this ancient place, go there early in the morning to see the sunrise. It is worth it.

Hadrian’s Wall

It is one of the Britain’s greatest monument. The wall is 73 miles long and was built by Romans to protect the conqured England from the wild Scotts. The trail called the Hadrian’s Wall Path goes along the Wall through the hills and moors of the north of England.

England is famous for its mazes. One of the best mazes is situated at the Hampton Court , a royal palace near London. It consists of one kilometer of paths and it takes 20 minutes to reach the center … if you are lucky.

Самый известный лабиринт в резиденции Генриха VIII (Hampton Court)

River Trips

If you want to have a river trip, go to Oxford or Cambridge for punting. A punt is a type of boat that you move by planting a long pole in the river bed and pushing the boat along. The best place to go punting is the river Cam, which runs through the ancient university. You will enjoy the incredible views of the old colleges and the scenery.

7. The Political System of the UK

Answer the questions:

1. What is the name of the Queen of England?
2. Where does the Queen live?
3. What is the Union Jack?
4. What does the Union Jack look like and what does it symbolize?
5. What does the power in the country belong to?

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The queen is the Head of the State. Everything in the country is done in the Queen’s name. She appoints all the ministers, including the Prime Minister. But the English Queen doesn’t rule the country as she has no power. She is the symbol of the country’s history and its traditions. The Queen is very rich as are the members of the royal family. Also, the government pays her expenses as Head of State, for a royal yacht, train, aircraft and her several palaces. The queen’s image appears on stamps, notes and coins.

The great English Queens are:

The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and the British Government. The British Prime Minister (head of the government) is Theresa May (2016-2019).

The British Parliament consists of two Houses (chambers): the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The members of the House of Commons are elected, the members of the House of Lords are not. The House of Commons plays the major part in law-making process. In reality the House of Commons is the only one which has true power.

The branches of government are:

• Legislative (the Parliament with the Queen in her constitutional role) — законодательная
• Executive (Prime Minister and his Cabinet) — исполнительная
• Juridical (the Royal Court) — судебная

Try to answer the questions:

1. Who rules Britain officially?
2. What is special about the political system of the UK?
3. What is the difference between the House of Lords and the House of Commons?

8. The History of Great Britain

Answer the questions:

1. Who do the British come from?
2. Who founded London?
3. What was the original name of the British capital?

Descendants – потомки
The British are descendants of different people who settled in the British Isles at different times.